In this role, he has responsibility for developing Bank policy on financial stability issues and the management of the Financial Stability Area. Andrew is a member of the Bank’s Financial Stability Executive Board and the new Financial Policy Committee. He is a member of various international public policy committees, economics associations, editorial boards and academic advisory committees. Andrew has written extensively on domestic and international monetary and is co-founder of ‘Pro Bono Economics’, which aims to broker economists into projects in the charitable sector.

At the BIS since 1987, covering various responsibilities in the Monetary and Economic Department including as Head of the Secretariat for the Committee on the Global Financial System and the Gold and Foreign Exchange Committee (now known as Markets Committee).

1985-1987: worked as economist at the OECD in the country studies branch of the Economics and Statistics Department.

Prior to that Lecturer and Research Fellow at Brasenose College, Oxford University.

Holder of a DPhil and MPhil in Economics and a BA in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from the same university.

Author of numerous publications in the fields of monetary policy, banking, finance and issues related to financial stability.

Prior to joining the Bank of Israel, Prof. Fischer was Vice Chairman of Citigroup from February 2002 through April 2005, where he was also Head of the Public Sector Group from February 2004 to April 2005, Chairman of the Country Risk Committee, and President of Citigroup International.

Prof. Fischer was the First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, from September 1994 until the end of August 2001.

Before he joined the IMF, Prof. Fischer was the Killian Professor and Head of the Department of Economics at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). From January 1988 to August 1990 he was Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist at the World Bank.

He took the B.Sc (Econ) and M.Sc. (Econ) at the London School of Economics from 1962-66, and obtained his Ph.D. in economics at MIT in 1969.

Prof. Fischer is the author of Macroeconomics (with Rudi Dornbusch and Richard Startz, 9th edition, 2004). He is also the author of Lectures in Macroeconomics (MIT Press, 1989, with Olivier Blanchard).

Prof. Fischer was born in Zambia in 1943.

He took office on April 1, 2010, for a full term to end after four years.

Born in June 1947, Governor Kim received a B.A. in economics from Seoul National University in 1973 and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1979.

Prior to his appointment as governor of the central bank, Governor Kim held various positions in both public service and academia. From September 2008 to March 2010 he worked in Paris as the Korean Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the OECD. Before being chosen as ambassador, he served as Senior Secretary to the President for Economic Affairs in the Office of the President of Korea.

Governor Kim has held many other posts as well, including President of Hallym University (2007-2008), President of the Korea Development Institute (2002-2005), Dean of the Graduate School for International Studies, Kyung Hee University (1998-2002), and President of the Korea Institute of Public Finance (1997-1998).