IMF Working Papers

Production Technology, Market Power, and the Decline of the Labor Share

By Agustin Velasquez

February 10, 2023

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Agustin Velasquez. Production Technology, Market Power, and the Decline of the Labor Share, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2023) accessed November 21, 2024

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Summary

The labor share has been declining in the United States, and especially so in manufacturing. This paper investigates the role of capital accumulation and market power in explaining this decline. I first estimate the production function of 21 manufacturing sectors along time series and including time-varying markups. The elasticities of substitution for most sectors are estimated below one, implying that capital deepening cannot explain the labor share decline. I then track the long-run evolution of the labor share using the estimated production technology parameters. I decompose aggregate labor share changes into sector re-weights, capital-labor substitution, and market power effects. I find that the increase in market power, as reported in recent studies, can account for, at least, 76 percent of the labor share decline in manufacturing. Absent the rise in market power, the labor share would have remained constant in the second half of the 20th century.

Keywords: Capital accumulation, Elasticity of substitution, Labor share, Market power

Publication Details

  • Pages:

    41

  • Volume:

    ---

  • DOI:

    ---

  • Issue:

    ---

  • Series:

    Working Paper No. 2023/032

  • Stock No:

    WPIEA2023032

  • ISBN:

    9798400231919

  • ISSN:

    1018-5941