IMF Working Papers

Four Decades of Fund Arrangements: Macroeconomic Stylized Facts Before the Adjustment Programs

By Julio A. Santaella

July 1, 1995

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Julio A. Santaella Four Decades of Fund Arrangements: Macroeconomic Stylized Facts Before the Adjustment Programs, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 1995) accessed November 21, 2024
Disclaimer: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate

Summary

This paper analyzes the initial conditions before Fund financial arrangements are adopted. Evidence from 324 Fund arrangements in 78 developing countries during 1973-91 indicates that there are important differences in the characteristics between program episodes and a control group. Program episodes exhibit weaker balance of payments, output growth, investment, external conditions and fiscal policy than the control group; they are also characterized by a higher degree of external indebtedness and inflation, and their exchange rates are more depreciated in both nominal and real terms. Only in the case of the growth rates of money and credit do the two groups appear to be statistically similar.

Subject: Central banks, Domestic credit, Exports, External debt, Foreign exchange, International reserves, International trade, Money, Real effective exchange rates

Keywords: Adjustment program, Africa, Domestic credit, Eastern Europe, Exports, FCT UCT, International reserves, Program episode, Real effective exchange rates, Terms of trade, UCT ESAP, UCT Jap, UCT SAP, WP

Publication Details

  • Pages:

    50

  • Volume:

    ---

  • DOI:

    ---

  • Issue:

    ---

  • Series:

    Working Paper No. 1995/074

  • Stock No:

    WPIEA0741995

  • ISBN:

    9781451849530

  • ISSN:

    1018-5941

Notes

Also published in Staff Papers, Vol. 43, No. 3, September 1996.

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