ISSN 0538-8759
ISBN 1-55775-497-7

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Unproductive Expenditures and Their Economic Implications
    Background
    Public Expenditure Productivity and Unproductive Expenditures
        Analytical framework
        Unproductive expenditures and their underlying factors
        Conceptual and practical difficulties
    Implications of Unproductive Expenditures

Public Expenditure Productivity: Illustrative Analyses
    Overview of an Approach
        Cost-effectiveness
        Appropriate mix of outputs and level of aggregate expenditure
        Output mix, expenditure composition, and value judgments
        Institutional and political considerations
        Importance of data
    Analyses of Economic Components
        Public sector employment and wages
        Subsidies and transfers
        Public investment
    Analyses of Functional Components
        Nutrition, health, and education
        Military expenditure

Empirical Evidence on Public Expenditures and Economic Growth
    Overview
    Public Expenditures and Economic Growth
    Public Investment and Economic Growth

Conclusions and Some Pragmatic Suggestions for Policy Formulation
    Conclusions
    Some Pragmatic Suggestions for Policy Formulation

Appendix: Patterns of Government Expenditure by Country Groups

Appendix Tables

A1. Share of Central Government Expenditure in GDP and in Total Expenditure for 80 Countries, 1983­90

A2. Share of General Government Expenditure in GDP and in Total Expenditure for 18 Countries

A3. Share of Central Government Expenditure in GDP and in Total Expenditure for 18 Countries

References

The term "country," as used in this pamphlet, does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers some territorial entities that are not states, but for which statistical data are maintained and provided internationally on a separate and independent basis.

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