Working Papers
1998
July 1, 1998
How Big is the Brain Drain?
Description: The brain drain from developing countries has been lamented for many years, but knowledge of the empirical magnitude of the phenomenon is scant owing to the lack of systematic data sources. This paper presents estimates of emigration rates from 61 developing countries to OECD countries for three educational categories constructed using 1990 U.S. Census data, Barro and Lee’s data set on educational attainment, and OECD migration data. Although still tentative in many respects, these estimates reveal a substantial brain drain from the Caribbean, Central America, and some African and Asian countries.
July 1, 1998
Inflation and Money Demand in Albania
Description: The paper uses a simple analytical framework to estimate relationships between prices, money the exchange rate, and interest rates in Albania during 1993–97. The estimated parsimonious error correction model extends the findings of a growing literature on inflation and money demand in transition economies. The results suggest that, after the one-time effects of the 1997 crisis are taken into account, the long-run determinants of inflation and money demand remained unchanged. Strong financial policies since mid—1997 appear to have helped to restore conditions for low inflation and stable money demand.
July 1, 1998
From Inflation to Growth: Eight Years of Transition
Description: This paper reexamines growth in transition using panel data to 1997. It suggests that output has been strongly affected by export market growth; that inflation has been associated with weaker output only above a threshold inflation rate; that structural reform has been associated with weaker output initially, but that it stimulates higher growth thereafter; and that rapid disinflation has been associated with output losses only in the presence of pegged exchange rates.
July 1, 1998
Explaining Investment in the WAEMU
Description: This paper estimates an empirical model for investment in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), a region with relatively low investment shares, using annual data for the period 1970-95. Cross-country and time-series evidence shows that openness to international trade, competition in the domestic market, freedom of international capital transactions, and low dependency ratios are positively correlated with investment in the WAEMU region.
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