International Competitiveness of the Mediterranean Quartet: A Heterogeneous-Product Approach

October 1, 2008

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Herman Z Bennett, and Ziga Zarnic. International Competitiveness of the Mediterranean Quartet: A Heterogeneous-Product Approach, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2008) accessed December 26, 2024

Disclaimer: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate

Summary

The real effective exchange rate (REER) is the most commonly used measure for assessing international competitiveness. We develop a methodology to estimate the REER that incorporates two distinctive elements that are not considered in the current literature and apply it to the Mediterranean Quartet (MQ) of Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, whose common pattern of real appreciation has created concern in policy and academic circles. The two elements that we add to the existing literature are (i) product heterogeneity when identifying each country's international competitors and their weights and (ii) a comprehensive treatment of services exports. Our refined measure suggests a modest reduction in the observed REER gap between the MQ countries and the other euro area countries. In particular, considering product heterogeneity and services exports implies a lower real appreciation from 1998 to 2006 on the order of 2-3 percent for all MQ countries. These are difference-in-difference estimates relative to the results obtained for the rest of the euro area countries using the same methodology.

Subject: Competition, Exports, Manufacturing, Real effective exchange rates, Service exports

Keywords: Base year, Cost competitiveness, Emerging market, Growth rate, WP

Publication Details

Pages:

35
Volume:

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DOI:

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Issue:

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Series:

Working Paper No. 2008/240
Stock No:

WPIEA2008240
ISBN:

9781451870985
ISSN:

1018-5941

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